BUG: Fix OverflowError in lib.maybe_indices_to_slice() (#61080)

* BUG: Fix OverflowError in lib.maybe_indices_to_slice()

This fixes this error when slicing massive dataframes:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4093, in __getitem__
    return self._getitem_bool_array(key)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/frame.py", line 4155, in _getitem_bool_array
    return self._take_with_is_copy(indexer, axis=0)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 4153, in _take_with_is_copy
    result = self.take(indices=indices, axis=axis)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 4133, in take
    new_data = self._mgr.take(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/internals/managers.py", line 893, in take
    new_labels = self.axes[axis].take(indexer)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/datetimelike.py", line 839, in take
    maybe_slice = lib.maybe_indices_to_slice(indices, len(self))
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "lib.pyx", line 522, in pandas._libs.lib.maybe_indices_to_slice
OverflowError: value too large to convert to int

* Sort whatsnew entries

* Set type hint back to int

---------

Co-authored-by: benjamindonnachie <83379521+benjamindonnachie@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: swt2c

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -694,6 +694,7 @@ Interval
 Indexing
 ^^^^^^^^
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.__getitem__` returning modified columns when called with ``slice`` in Python 3.12 (:issue:`57500`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.__getitem__` when slicing a :class:`DataFrame` with many rows raised an ``OverflowError`` (:issue:`59531`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.from_records` throwing a ``ValueError`` when passed an empty list in ``index`` (:issue:`58594`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.loc` with inconsistent behavior of loc-set with 2 given indexes to Series (:issue:`59933`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Index.get_indexer` and similar methods when ``NaN`` is located at or after position 128 (:issue:`58924`)

pandas/_libs/lib.pyx

@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ def has_only_ints_or_nan(const floating[:] arr) -> bool:
     return True
 
 
-def maybe_indices_to_slice(ndarray[intp_t, ndim=1] indices, int max_len):
+def maybe_indices_to_slice(ndarray[intp_t, ndim=1] indices, intp_t max_len):
     cdef:
         Py_ssize_t i, n = len(indices)
         intp_t k, vstart, vlast, v